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BIRTH ASPHYXIA IN THE TERM INFANT (10)
Interventions to reduce the severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (10)
Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Acupuncture for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates
Erythropoietin for preterm infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (protocol stage)
Allopurinol for preventing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Hyperbaric oxygen for term newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (protocol stage)
Erythropoietin for term and late preterm infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (protocol stage)
Anticonvulsants for neonates with seizures
Fluid restriction for term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia
Magnesium sulfate for term infants following perinatal asphyxia (protocol stage)
Anticonvulsants for preventing mortality and morbidity in full term newborns with perinatal asphyxia
BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (21)
Anti-oxidants (1)
Superoxide dismutase for preventing chronic lung disease in mechanically ventilated preterm infants
Bronchodilators (1)
Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Corticosteroids (7)
Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates
Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates
Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of chronic lung disease in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants
Moderately early (7-14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Early (< 8 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Late (>7 days) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Diuretics (3)
Diuretics acting on the distal renal tubule for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Aerosolized diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Erythromycin (1)
Erythromycin for the prevention of chronic lung disease in intubated preterm infants at risk for, or colonized or infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum
Feeding in BPD (1)
Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease
Other treatments (5)
Hydralazine in infants with persistent hypoxemic respiratory failure
Pentoxifylline for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Intratracheal instillation of corticosteroids using surfactant as a vehicle for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (protocol stage)
Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (a1PI) for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm babies with chronic lung disease (protocol stage)
Thyroxine (1)
Thyroid hormones for preventing neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants
Vitamin A (1)
Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants
DEVELOPMENTAL CARE (3)
Early developmental intervention programmes post-hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in preterm infants
Early versus later discharge of physiologically stable preterm infants who are fully orally feeding (protocol stage)
Developmental care for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants
DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY (1)
Clinical assessment for diagnosing congenital heart disease in newborn infants with Down syndrome (protocol stage)
EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION (1)
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants
FEEDING THE LBW INFANT (34)
Comparison of whole diets (8)
Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge
Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard term formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge
Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants
Dilute versus full strength formula in preterm or very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)
Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge
Preterm formula milk versus term formula milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)
Formula milk versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants
Formula milk versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants
Energy (1)
High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants
Fortification of human milk (7)
Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants
Enteral iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants
Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants
Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants
Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Techniques of feeding (18)
Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants
Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
Glycerin laxatives for prevention or treatment of feeding intolerance in very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)
Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants
Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants
Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation
Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams
Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants
Early discharge with home support of gavage feeding for stable preterm infants who have not established full oral feeds
Non-nutritive sucking for promoting physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants
Ad libitum or demand/semi-demand feeding versus scheduled interval feeding for preterm infants
Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants
Feed thickener for newborn infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux
Multiple versus single lumen umbilical venous catheters for newborn infants
Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates
Erythromycin for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants
Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed
FEEDING THE TERM INFANT (13)
Prevention of atopy (4)
Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy
Formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants
Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity
Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants
Protein and amino acids (6)
Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease
Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants
Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition (protocol stage)
Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants
High versus standard protein content of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Soy-based formula (3)
Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term
Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants
Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates
FLUID THERAPY (4)
Transfusion of blood or colloid (3)
Albumin infusion for low serum albumin in preterm newborn infants
Early volume expansion for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
Early volume expansion versus inotrope for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
Water intake (1)
Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
HYPERGLYCEMIA AND HYPOGLYCEMIA (2)
Interventions for prevention of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants
Interventions for treatment of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants
IMMEDIATE CARE OF THE NEWBORN (7)
Drugs used in resuscitation (7)
Naloxone for opiate-exposed newborn infants
Epinephrine for the resuscitation of apparently stillborn or extremely bradycardic newborn infants
Base administration or fluid bolus for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with metabolic acidosis
The effects of thyroxine on end organ damage in asphyxiated neonates (protocol stage)
Dopamine for prevention of morbidity and mortality in term newborn infants with suspected perinatal asphyxia
Sodium bicarbonate infusion during resuscitation of infants at birth
Naloxone for preventing morbidity and mortality in newborn infants of greater than 34 weeks' gestation with suspected perinatal asphyxia
INTERVENTIONS FOR HYPOTENSION IN NEONATES (4)
Vasopressin and its analogues for the treatment of refractory hypotension in neonates
Corticosteroids for treating hypotension in preterm infants
The effect of inotropes on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with low systemic or organ blood flow
Dopamine versus dobutamine for hypotensive preterm infants
MANAGEMENT OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT (8)
Hypothermia (1)
Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birthweight infants
Thermal protection of neonates (7)
Transfer of preterm infants from incubator to open cot at lower versus higher body weight
Cot-nursing versus incubator care for preterm infants
Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants
Double wall versus single wall incubator for reducing heat loss in very low birth weight infants in incubators
Radiant warmers versus incubators for regulating body temperature in newborn infants
Higher versus lower humidity for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants in incubators (protocol stage)
Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants
MECHANICAL VENTILATION (37)
Continuous distending airway pressure (10)
Deep versus shallow suction of endotracheal tubes in ventilated neonates and young infants
Volume-targeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in the neonate
Strategies for the withdrawal of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants
Early versus delayed initiation of continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure immediately after extubation for preventing morbidity in preterm infants
Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airways pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
Continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress in preterm infants
Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates
Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants
Extubation after IPPV (7)
Prophylactic doxapram for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants undergoing endotracheal extubation
Prophylactic methylxanthines for endotracheal extubation in preterm infants
Chest physiotherapy for preventing morbidity in babies being extubated from mechanical ventilation
Nebulized racemic epinephrine for extubation of newborn infants
Extubation from low-rate intermittent positive airway pressure versus extubation after a trial of endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure in intubated preterm infants
Intravenous dexamethasone for extubation of newborn infants
Chest physiotherapy for reducing respiratory morbidity in infants requiring ventilatory support
High frequency ventilation (6)
High frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction born at or near term
Positive end expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome or bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Elective high frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Rescue high frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Intermittent positive or negative pressure ventilation (14)
Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Mechanical ventilation for newborn infants with respiratory failure due to pulmonary disease
Tracheal suctioning without disconnection in intubated ventilated neonates
Flow-cycled versus time-cycled synchronized ventilation for neonates
Tracheal gas insufflation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants
Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation
Prophylactic nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm infants (protocol stage)
Long versus short inspiratory times in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants
Permissive hypercapnia for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants
Premedication for endotracheal intubation in neonates (protocol stage)
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for apnea of prematurity
METHOD, TECHNIQUE OF RESUSCITATION OF THE NEWBORN INFANT (13)
Higher versus lower oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth (protocol stage)
Routine oro/nasopharyngeal suction versus no suction in the delivery room (protocol stage)
Assessment of techniques to ascertain correct endotracheal tube placement in neonates (protocol stage)
Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation in neonates (protocol stage)
Positive end-expiratory pressure for resuscitation of newborn infants at birth
Nasal airways (single or double prong, long or short) for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)
Formal resuscitation training courses for reducing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants (protocol stage)
Respiratory function monitoring to reduce mortality and morbidity in newborn infants receiving resuscitation
Air versus oxygen for resuscitation of infants at birth
Endotracheal intubation versus face mask for newborns resuscitated with positive pressure ventilation at birth (protocol stage)
Laryngeal mask airway versus bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation
Manual ventilation devices for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)
Sustained inflations for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)
MISCELLANEOUS (32)
Intravenous in-line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates
One-step techniques for primary distal hypospadias in children and adolescents (protocol stage)
Noise reduction management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birthweight infants (protocol stage)
Co-bedding in neonatal nursery for promoting growth and neurodevelopment in stable preterm twins
Telemedicine for the support of parents of high-risk newborn infants
Interventions for non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in preterm neonates
Saline irrigation for the management of skin extravasation injury in neonates
Screening programmes for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborn infants
Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants
Opiate treatment for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants
Sedatives for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants
Octreotide for the treatment of chylothorax in neonates
Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants
Ward reduction without general anaesthesia versus reduction and repair under general anaesthesia for gastroschisis in newborn infants
Physical activity programs for promoting bone mineralization and growth in preterm infants
Dopamine versus no treatment to prevent renal dysfunction in indomethacin-treated preterm newborn infants
Clinical decision support systems for neonatal care
Adrenaline for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with cardiovascular compromise
Audio recordings of consultations with doctors for parents of critically sick babies
Massage for promoting growth and development of preterm and/or low birth-weight infants
Milrinone for the treatment of cardiac dysfunction in neonates (protocol stage)
Postnatal thyroid hormones for preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinaemia
Pre-discharge "car seat challenge" for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Prophylactic postnatal thyroid hormones for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy
Replacement of estrogens and progestins to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Routine screening by echocardiography to reduce morbidity and mortality from congenital heart disease in neonates with Down syndrome (protocol stage)
Supine versus non-supine sleep position for preventing short-term morbidity and mortality in hospitalised spontaneously breathing preterm infants (protocol stage)
Surfactant for newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (protocol stage)
The effect of community health educational interventions on newborn survival in developing countries (protocol stage)
Specialty teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality (protocol stage)
Thyroid hormone supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery
NEONATAL BLOOD DISORDERS (13)
Diuretics (1)
Loop diuretics during blood transfusion for anemia in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Erythrocyte transfusion (4)
Low versus high haemoglobin concentration threshold for blood transfusion for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants
Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters
Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates
Partial exchange transfusion to prevent neurodevelopmental disability in infants with polycythemia
Erythropoietin (3)
Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Early erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Folic acid (1)
Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of anaemia in preterm neonates (protocol stage)
Hemostatic disorders (4)
Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates (protocol stage)
Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of heparin
Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates
Thrombolytic agents for arterial and venous thromboses in neonates
Techniques for reducing blood donor exposure (0)
NEONATAL INFECTIONS (47)
Antiviral therapy (2)
Antiviral agents for treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates
Antiviral therapy for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and infants up to 3 months of age (protocol stage)
Bacterial meningitis (2)
Adjuvant corticosteroids for reducing death in neonatal bacterial meningitis (protocol stage)
Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates
Bacterial pneumonia (1)
Surfactant for bacterial pneumonia in late preterm and term infants
Fungal infections (5)
Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants
Prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants
Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection
Patient isolation measures for infants with candida colonization or infection for preventing or reducing transmission of candida in neonatal units
Antifungal agents for the treatment of mucocutaneous candidiasis in neonates and children (protocol stage)
Gowning (1)
Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality
Granulocyte transfusions (2)
Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropenia
G-CSF and GM-CSF for treating or preventing neonatal infections
Group B strepcococcal infection (2)
Intramuscular penicillin for the prevention of early onset group B streptococcal infection in newborn infants
Prophylactic versus selective antibiotics for term newborn infants of mothers with risk factors for neonatal infection
Immunoglobulins (5)
Oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants
Oral immunoglobulin for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in low birth weight infants
Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or subsequently proven infection in neonates
Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins to prevent staphylococcal infection in very low birth weight infants
Necrotizing enterocolitis (4)
Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates
Antibiotic regimens for the empirical treatment of newborn infants with necrotising enterocolitis
Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial surgical treatment for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation in preterm low birth weight infants
Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants
Prevention of nosocomial sepsis (20)
Antibiotic lock for the prevention of catheter-related sepsis in neonates (protocol stage)
Antibiotic regimens for suspected late onset sepsis in newborn infants
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants with intercostal catheters
Recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis in neonates
Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates
Oral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates
Early removal versus expectant management of central venous catheters in neonates with bloodstream infection
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants
Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters
Chlorhexidine skin care for the prevention of infection in term neonates (protocol stage)
Antibiotic regimens for suspected early neonatal sepsis
Community based management of neonatal sepsis in developing countries (protocol stage)
Methods of securing peripheral vascular catheters to reduce morbidity in neonates (protocol stage)
Topical emollient therapy for preventing infection in preterm infants in low- or middle-income countries (protocol stage)
Topical ointment for preventing infection in preterm infants
Vancomycin for prophylaxis against sepsis in preterm neonates
Probiotics (1)
Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
Tetanus (1)
Diazepam for treating tetanus
Urinary tract infection (1)
Routine neonatal circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infections in infancy
NEONATAL JAUNDICE (15)
Clofibrate in combination with phototherapy for unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia
Home versus hospital-based phototherapy for the treatment of non-haemolytic jaundice in infants more than 37 weeks gestation (protocol stage)
Chest shielding for prevention of a haemodynamically symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants receiving phototherapy (protocol stage)
Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm or low birth weight infants
Light-emitting diode phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates
Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)
Oral zinc for the prevention of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates (protocol stage)
Intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)
Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice
Exchange transfusion for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)
Fibreoptic phototherapy for neonatal jaundice
High vs low dose conventional phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)
Immunoglobulin infusion for isoimmune haemolytic jaundice in neonates
Metalloporphyrins for treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates
Single versus double volume exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborn infants
NITRIC OXIDE (2)
Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants
Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term
OTHER ACUTE LUNG DISORDERS (8)
Meconium aspiration syndrome (3)
Lung lavage for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants
Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium stained amniotic fluid (protocol stage)
Steroid therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants
Pulmonary hypertension (3)
Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates
Milrinone for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Magnesium sulfate for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Suctioning of infants who have passed meconium in utero (1)
Endotracheal intubation at birth for preventing morbidity and mortality in vigorous, meconium-stained infants born at term
Transient tachypnea (1)
Furosemide for transient tachypnea of the newborn
OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION (9)
Co-interventions (1)
Rapid correction of early metabolic acidaemia in comparison with placebo, no intervention or slow correction in LBW infants
Monitoring of oxygenation (3)
Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of catheter design (end vs. side hole)
Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of catheter materials
Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of position of the catheter tip
Policies of oxygen administration (5)
High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in preterm infants
Early versus late discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants
Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants
Methods for securing endotracheal tubes in newborn infants (protocol stage)
Gradual versus abrupt discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants
PAIN CONTROL (11)
Opioids for neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures
Topical anaesthesia for needle-related pain in newborn infants (protocol stage)
Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates
Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit
Local anaesthetic eye drops for prevention of pain in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity
Venepuncture versus heel lance for blood sampling in term neonates
Propofol for procedural sedation/anaesthesia in neonates
Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates (protocol stage)
Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for analgesia during circumcision in newborn boys
Pain relief for neonatal circumcision
PARENTERAL FEEDING (10)
Alterations in parenteral nutrition (2)
Alterations in parenteral nutrition management for the treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in term and preterm infants (protocol stage)
Medical therapies for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in term and preterm infants (protocol stage)
Amino acids (3)
Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants (protocol stage)
Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates
Fatty Acids (2)
Soy oil based versus alternative lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants (protocol stage)
Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants
Minimal enteral feeding (1)
Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants
Nitrogen requirement (2)
Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Carnitine supplementation of parenterally fed neonates
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (13)
Management of asymptomatic PDA (4)
Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Indomethacin for asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Prolonged versus short course of indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Management of symptomatic PDA (7)
Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants (protocol stage)
Chest shielding for prevention of a haemodynamically symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants receiving phototherapy (protocol stage)
Prophylactic surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus for prevention of mortality and morbidity in extremely low birth weight infants
Continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus doses of indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus closure in symptomatic preterm infants
Fluid restriction for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Furosemide for prevention of morbidity in indomethacin-treated infants with patent ductus arteriosus
Prophylaxis of PDA (2)
Fluid restriction and prophylactic indomethacin versus prophylactic indomethacin alone for prevention of morbidity and mortality in extremely low birth weight infants
Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants
PERIVENTRICULAR-INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE (IVH) (7)
Prevention and treatment (1)
Recombinant activated Factor VII for prevention and treatment of intraventricular haemorrhage in neonates (protocol stage)
Prevention of PIVH (2)
Ethamsylate for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm or very low birth weight infants
Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants
Treatment PIVH (4)
Subcutaneous reservoir drainage versus ventriculoperitoneal shunt for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage
Diuretic therapy for newborn infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation
Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants
RECURRENT APNEA (11)
Body position (1)
Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea
Carnitine (1)
Carnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnoea
Kinesthetic stimulation (3)
Kinesthetic stimulation for preventing apnea in preterm infants
Kinesthetic stimulation for treating apnea in preterm infants
Kinesthetic stimulation versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants
Methylxanthines (6)
Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Doxapram treatment for apnea in preterm infants
Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants
Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants
Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnoea following general anaesthesia in preterm infants
Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (26)
Antithrombin (1)
Antithrombin for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Digoxin (1)
Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Diuretics (1)
Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Heliox (1)
Heliox for prevention of morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants (protocol stage)
Inositol (1)
Inositol for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Other (3)
Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates (protocol stage)
Intratracheal Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) administration in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Postnatal thyroid hormones for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Surfactant (18)
Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Comparison of animal-derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Nebulised surfactant in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Surfactant for pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates
Laryngeal mask airway surfactant administration for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Pharyngeal instillation of surfactant before the first breath for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Prophylactic animal derived surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Protein-containing synthetic surfactant versus protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Animal derived surfactant extract for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Natural surfactant extract versus synthetic surfactant for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
High versus low thresholds for repeat administration of surfactant in intubated preterm neonates (protocol stage)
Multiple versus single doses of exogenous surfactant for the prevention or treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Protein containing synthetic surfactant versus animal derived surfactant extract for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Synthetic surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in full term/near term infants
Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs. selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for respiratory distress syndrome
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (5)
Antioxidants (1)
D-Penicillamine for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
Light (1)
Early light reduction for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants
Medical therapy (1)
Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity
Surgical therapy (2)
Laser photocoagulation versus transscleral cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (protocol stage)
Peripheral retinal ablation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
SUPPORTING PARENTS AND PROMOTING ATTACHMENT (1)
Centre-based and home-based parental support (1)
Home-based post-discharge parental support to prevent morbidity in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Increased mother-infant contact in immediate post-natal period (0)
VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION (4)
Vitamins (4)
Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age (protocol stage)
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in developing countries
Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants six months of age or less
Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
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