Our Reviews

Our Reviews

Full list:

By subtopic:

Blood and Hematopoietic Disorders (15)
Blood Component Therapy (8)
Albumin infusion for low serum albumin in preterm newborn infants
Washed versus unwashed red blood cells for transfusion for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Loop diuretics during blood transfusion for anemia in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Low versus high haemoglobin concentration threshold for blood transfusion for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants
Partial exchange transfusion to prevent neurodevelopmental disability in infants with polycythemia
Recombinant activated Factor VII for prevention and treatment of intraventricular haemorrhage in neonates (protocol stage)
Transfusion of fresh versus non-fresh (older) red blood cell in neonates (protocol stage)
Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn
Erythropoietin (3)
Early erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in preterm or low birth weight infants
Early versus late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Late erythropoiesis-stimulating agents to prevent red blood cell transfusion in preterm or low birth weight infants
Hematologic Problems in the Neonate (4)
Heparin for the treatment of thrombosis in neonates
Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates
Prophylactic vitamin K for vitamin K deficiency bleeding in neonates
Thrombolytic agents for arterial and venous thromboses in neonates
Cardiovascular Disorders (26)
Congenital Heart Disease (2)
Prostaglandin E1 for maintaining ductal patency in neonates with ductal-dependent cardiac lesions
Routine screening by echocardiography to reduce morbidity and mortality from congenital heart disease in neonates with Down syndrome (protocol stage)
Hypotension (7)
Adrenaline for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with cardiovascular compromise
Corticosteroids for treating hypotension in preterm infants
Dopamine versus dobutamine for hypotensive preterm infants
Early volume expansion for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
Early volume expansion versus inotrope for prevention of morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
The effect of inotropes on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with low systemic or organ blood flow
Vasopressin and its analogues for the treatment of refractory hypotension in neonates
Other Cardiovascular Disorders (2)
Milrinone for the treatment of cardiac dysfunction in neonates (protocol stage)
Thyroid hormone supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (15)
Continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus doses of indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus closure in symptomatic preterm infants
Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants (protocol stage)
Fluid restriction and prophylactic indomethacin versus prophylactic indomethacin alone for prevention of morbidity and mortality in extremely low birth weight infants
Fluid restriction for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Furosemide for prevention of morbidity in indomethacin-treated infants with patent ductus arteriosus
Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants
Indomethacin for asymptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Interventions for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews (protocol stage)
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants
Prolonged versus short course of indomethacin for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Prophylactic intravenous indomethacin for preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants
Prophylactic surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus for prevention of mortality and morbidity in extremely low birth weight infants
Surgical versus medical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants
Delivery Room Resuscitation of the Newborn (17)
Air versus oxygen for resuscitation of infants at birth
Routine oro/nasopharyngeal suction versus no suction at birth
Birth room transition support for preterm infants: a Cochrane overview (protocol stage)
Birth room transition support for term and near-term infants: a Cochrane overview (protocol stage)
Epinephrine for the resuscitation of apparently stillborn or extremely bradycardic newborn infants
Laryngeal mask airway versus bag-mask ventilation or endotracheal intubation for neonatal resuscitation
Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth
Manual ventilation devices for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)
Nasal airways (single or double prong, long or short) for neonatal resuscitation (protocol stage)
Standardised formal resuscitation training programmes for reducing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants
Positive end-expiratory pressure for resuscitation of newborn infants at birth
Sustained versus standard inflations during neonatal resuscitation to prevent mortality and improve respiratory outcomes
Provision of respiratory support compared to no respiratory support before cord clamping for preterm infants
Pulse oximetry sensor application for neonates during resuscitation (protocol stage)
Respiratory function monitoring to reduce mortality and morbidity in newborn infants receiving resuscitation
Sodium bicarbonate infusion during resuscitation of infants at birth
Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation in neonates
Dermatologic Disorders (0)
Diagnostic Imaging and Testing (5)
Brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates (protocol stage)
C-reactive protein for diagnosing late-onset infection in newborn infants
Molecular assays for the diagnosis of sepsis in neonates
Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry versus total serum bilirubin measurement for newborns (protocol stage)
Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders (1)
Frenotomy for tongue-tie in newborn infants
Eye Disorders (8)
Retinopathy of Prematurity (8)
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity
Beta-blockers for prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
D-Penicillamine for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
Early light reduction for preventing retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants
Insulin-like growth factor-1 for the prevention or treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (protocol stage)
Laser photocoagulation versus transscleral cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (protocol stage)
Peripheral retinal ablation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants
Supplemental oxygen for the treatment of prethreshold retinopathy of prematurity
Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Homeostasis (4)
Base administration or fluid bolus for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with metabolic acidosis
Interventions for non-oliguric hyperkalaemia in preterm neonates
Rapid correction of early metabolic acidaemia in comparison with placebo, no intervention or slow correction in LBW infants
Restricted versus liberal water intake for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders (21)
Gastroesophageal Reflux (2)
Feed thickener for infants up to six months of age with gastro-oesophageal reflux
Non-nutritive sucking for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in preterm and low birth weight infants
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (13)
Arginine supplementation for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Antibiotic regimens for the empirical treatment of newborn infants with necrotising enterocolitis
Audio recordings of consultations with doctors for parents of critically sick babies
Different strains of probiotics for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)
Enteral antibiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in low birthweight or preterm infants
Enteral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates
Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Oral immunoglobulin for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm and low birth weight neonates
Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates
Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial surgical treatment for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation in preterm low birth weight infants
Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants
Stopping enteral feeds for prevention of transfusion-associated necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Other Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders (6)
Erythromycin for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants
Glycerin laxatives for prevention or treatment of feeding intolerance in very low birth weight infants
Lactoferrin for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (protocol stage)
Pharmacological interventions for prevention and treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in newborn infants
Probiotics for the post-operative management of term neonates after gastrointestinal surgery (protocol stage)
Ward reduction without general anaesthesia versus reduction and repair under general anaesthesia for gastroschisis in newborn infants
Genetic Disorders (0)
Immune System Disorders (4)
Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy
Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergy
Probiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity
Soy formula for prevention of allergy and food intolerance in infants
Inborn Errors of Metabolism (0)
Infants of Addicted Mothers (4)
Naloxone for opioid-exposed newborn infants
Non-pharmacological care for opioid withdrawal in newborns (protocol stage)
Opiate treatment for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants
Sedatives for opiate withdrawal in newborn infants
Infection (35)
Fungal and Protozoal Infections (3)
Prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants
Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants
Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection
Infection Control (8)
Chlorhexidine skin or cord care for prevention of mortality and infections in neonates
Feeding strategies to prevent neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection in term or late preterm babies born to mothers with confirmed COVID-19 (protocol stage)
Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality
Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates (protocol stage)
Infant isolation and cohorting for preventing or reducing transmission of healthcare-associated infections in neonatal units (protocol stage)
Optimal delivery management for the prevention of early neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection (protocol stage)
Patient isolation measures for infants with candida colonization or infection for preventing or reducing transmission of candida in neonatal units
Umbilical cord antiseptics for preventing sepsis and death among newborns
Postnatal Bacterial Infections (20)
Antibiotic regimens for suspected early neonatal sepsis
Antibiotic regimens for suspected late onset sepsis in newborn infants
Community-based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low- and middle-income countries
Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins to prevent staphylococcal infection in very low birth weight infants
Diazepam for treating tetanus
Short-duration versus standard-duration antibiotic regimens for the treatment of neonatal bacterial infection (protocol stage)
Effect of exchange transfusion on mortality in neonates with septicemia (protocol stage)
G-CSF and GM-CSF for treating or preventing neonatal infections
One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates
Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropenia
Intramuscular penicillin for the prevention of early onset group B streptococcal infection in newborn infants
Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or proven infection in neonates
Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants
Prophylactic versus selective antibiotics for term newborn infants of mothers with risk factors for neonatal infection
Recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis in neonates
Topical emollient for preventing infection in preterm infants
Adjuvant corticosteroids for reducing death in neonatal bacterial meningitis
Vancomycin for prophylaxis against sepsis in preterm neonates
Viral Infections (4)
Antiviral agents for treatment of herpes simplex virus infection in neonates
Antiviral therapy for symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and infants up to 3 months of age (protocol stage)
Oral immunoglobulin for the prevention of rotavirus infection in low birth weight infants
Oral immunoglobulin for the treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in low birth weight infants
Intravascular Access (23)
Antibiotic lock for the prevention of catheter-related infection in neonates
Antibiotics at the time of removal of central venous catheter to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants
Antimicrobial dressings for the prevention of catheter-related infections in newborn infants with central venous catheters
Antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters for prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection in newborn infants
Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters
Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants
Early planned removal of umbilical venous catheters to prevent infection in newborn infants
Early planned removal versus expectant management of peripherally inserted central catheters to prevent infection in newborn infants
Early removal versus expectant management of central venous catheters in neonates with bloodstream infection
Heparin for prolonging peripheral intravenous catheter use in neonates
Intravenous in-line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates
Methods of securing peripheral vascular catheters to reduce morbidity in neonates (protocol stage)
Multiple versus single lumen umbilical venous catheters for newborn infants
Percutaneous central venous catheters versus peripheral cannulae for delivery of parenteral nutrition in neonates
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants with intercostal catheters
Prophylactic systemic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with central venous catheters
Saline irrigation for the management of skin extravasation injury in neonates
Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of catheter design (end vs. side hole)
Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of catheter materials
Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of heparin
Umbilical artery catheters in the newborn: effects of position of the catheter tip
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders (2)
Dopamine versus no treatment to prevent renal dysfunction in indomethacin-treated preterm newborn infants
Routine neonatal circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infections in infancy
Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders (10)
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism (5)
Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Interventions for prevention of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants
Interventions for treatment of neonatal hyperglycemia in very low birth weight infants
Oral dextrose gel to prevent hypoglycaemia in at-risk neonates
Oral dextrose gel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants
Other Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders (1)
Replacement of estrogens and progestins to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Thyroid Disorders (4)
Postnatal thyroid hormones for preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinaemia
Prophylactic postnatal thyroid hormones for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
The effects of thyroxine on end organ damage in asphyxiated neonates (protocol stage)
Thyroid hormones for preventing neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants
Neonatal Jaundice and Liver Disorders (21)
Chest shielding for prevention of a haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants receiving phototherapy
Clofibrate in combination with phototherapy for unconjugated neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia
Light-emitting diode phototherapy for unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates
Effect of pre-exchange albumin infusion on neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and long-term developmental outcomes (protocol stage)
Exchange transfusion for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)
Fibreoptic phototherapy for neonatal jaundice
Fluid supplementation for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
High- versus low-dose conventional phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)
Home- versus hospital-based phototherapy for the treatment of non-haemolytic jaundice in infants at more than 37 weeks' gestation
Immunoglobulin for alloimmune hemolytic disease in neonates
Intermittent phototherapy versus continuous phototherapy for neonatal jaundice (protocol stage)
Medical therapies for parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in term and preterm infants (protocol stage)
Metalloporphyrins for treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates
Periodic change of body position under phototherapy in term and late preterm neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (protocol stage)
Prebiotics for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates
Probiotics for the prevention or treatment of hyperbilirubinaemia in late preterm and term neonates (protocol stage)
Prophylactic phototherapy for preventing jaundice in preterm or low birth weight infants
Single versus double volume exchange transfusion in jaundiced newborn infants
Sunlight for the prevention and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm neonates (protocol stage)
Transcutaneous screening for hyperbilirubinemia in neonates (protocol stage)
Use of reflective materials during phototherapy for newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Neonatal Orthopedic Disorders (3)
Musculoskeletal Disorders (3)
Massage for promoting growth and development of preterm and/or low birth-weight infants
Physical activity programs for promoting bone mineralization and growth in preterm infants
Screening programmes for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborn infants
Neurodevelopmental Care (3)
Developmental care for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants
Early developmental intervention programmes provided post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairment in preterm infants
Musical and vocal interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants (protocol stage)
Neurologic Disorders (26)
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (13)
Acupuncture for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates
Allopurinol for preventing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring for prevention of brain injury in very preterm infants
Cooling for newborns with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy
Xenon as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia in near-term and term newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Dopamine for prevention of morbidity and mortality in term newborn infants with suspected perinatal asphyxia
Erythropoietin for preterm infants with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (protocol stage)
Erythropoietin for term and late preterm infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (protocol stage)
Fluid restriction for term infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia
Magnesium sulfate for term infants following perinatal asphyxia (protocol stage)
Naloxone for preventing morbidity and mortality in newborn infants of greater than 34 weeks' gestation with suspected perinatal asphyxia
Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborn infants
Prophylactic barbiturate use for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following perinatal asphyxia
Intracranial Hemorrhage and Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus (11)
Diuretic therapy for newborn infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation
Ethamsylate for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm or very low birth weight infants
Head midline position for preventing the occurrence or extension of germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants
Pharmacological pain and sedation interventions for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants on assisted ventilation - an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)
Plasma transfusion to prevent intraventricular haemorrhage in very preterm infants (protocol stage)
Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Repeated lumbar or ventricular punctures in newborns with intraventricular haemorrhage
Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of germinal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Antithrombin for the prevention of intraventricular hemorrhage in very preterm infants
Heparin for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Other Neurologic Disorders (1)
Neonatal interventions for preventing cerebral palsy: an overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews
Seizures in Neonates (1)
Anticonvulsants for neonates with seizures
Nutrition and Metabolism in the High-Risk Neonate (80)
Enteral Nutrition (48)
Avoidance of bottles during the establishment of breast feeds in preterm infants
Banked preterm versus banked term human milk to promote growth and development in very low birth weight infants
Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving nutrition in term and preterm neonates (protocol stage)
Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants
Comparison of different protein concentrations of human milk fortifier for promoting growth and neurological development in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for premature infants less than 1500 grams
Continuous versus bolus intragastric tube feeding for preterm and low birth weight infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed
Dilute versus full-strength formula in exclusively formula-fed preterm or low birth weight infants
Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants
Early discharge with home support of gavage feeding for stable preterm infants who have not established full oral feeds
Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants (protocol stage)
Early trophic feeding versus enteral fasting for very preterm or very low birth weight infants
Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in infants born preterm
Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants
Exposure to the smell and taste of milk to accelerate feeding in preterm infants
Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants
Formula versus maternal breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants
Infant formulas containing hydrolysed protein for prevention of allergic disease
High versus low medium chain triglyceride content of formula for promoting short-term growth of preterm infants
High versus standard volume enteral feeds to promote growth in preterm or low birth weight infants
Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants
Human milk-derived fortifier versus bovine milk-derived fortifier for prevention of mortality and morbidity in preterm neonates
Initiation of complementary feeding before four months of age for prevention of postnatal growth restriction in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation
Lactase treated feeds to promote growth and feeding tolerance in preterm infants
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term
Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants
Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants
Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants
Multinutrient fortification of human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge
Nasal versus oral route for placing feeding tubes in preterm or low birth weight infants
Delayed introduction of progressive enteral feeds to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
Non-nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants
Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants
Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge
Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge
Education of family members to support weaning to solids and nutrition in later infancy in term-born infants
Protein hydrolysate versus standard formula for preterm infants
Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants
Push versus gravity for intermittent bolus gavage tube feeding of premature and low birth weight infants
Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants
Short versus long feeding interval for bolus feedings in very preterm infants (protocol stage)
Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
Targeted or adjustable versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk (protocol stage)
Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants
Parenteral Nutrition (12)
Carnitine supplementation of parenterally fed neonates
Cysteine, cystine or N-acetylcysteine supplementation in parenterally fed neonates
Early intravenous nutrition for the prevention of neonatal jaundice
Early introduction of lipids to parenterally-fed preterm infants
Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition
Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants
Higher versus lower amino acid intake in parenteral nutrition for newborn infants
Alternative lipid emulsions versus pure soy oil based lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants
Re-feeding versus discarding gastric residuals to improve growth in preterm infants
Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants
Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed preterm infants
Lipid emulsions for parenterally fed term and late preterm infants
Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation (20)
Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants
Enteral iron supplementation in preterm and low birth weight infants
Enteral zinc supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates (protocol stage)
Folic acid supplementation for the prevention of anaemia in preterm neonates (protocol stage)
Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease
Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants
Lutein and zeaxanthin for reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries
Oral zinc for the prevention of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates
Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates
Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants (protocol stage)
Vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in infants one to six months of age
Vitamin A supplementation for prevention of mortality and morbidity in moderate and late preterm infants (protocol stage)
Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants
Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in preterm and low birth weight infants (protocol stage)
Vitamin D supplementation for term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health (protocol stage)
Vitamin E supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Zinc supplementation for the promotion of growth and prevention of infections in infants less than six months of age
Zinc supplementation of parenteral nutrition in newborn infants (protocol stage)
Pain Management (18)
Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates
Clonidine for pain in non-ventilated infants
Dexmedetomidine for analgesia and sedation in newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (protocol stage)
Intravenous midazolam infusion for sedation of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit
Local anaesthetic eye drops for prevention of pain in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity
Local wound analgesia in infants undergoing thoracic or abdominal surgery (protocol stage)
Non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention of pain during endotracheal suctioning in ventilated neonates (protocol stage)
Opioids for neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (protocol stage)
Pain relief for neonatal circumcision
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for prevention or treatment of pain in newborns
Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of pain during endotracheal suctioning in ventilated neonates (protocol stage)
Propofol for procedural sedation/anaesthesia in neonates
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy
Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates
Sucrose for analgesia in newborn infants undergoing painful procedures
Topical anaesthesia for needle-related pain in newborn infants
Venepuncture versus heel lance for blood sampling in term neonates
Perinatal Services and Resources (2)
Clinical decision support systems for neonatal care
Specialist teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality
Physical Environment Management (12)
Cot-nursing versus incubator care for preterm infants
Cycled light in the intensive care unit for preterm and low birth weight infants
Double wall versus single wall incubator for reducing heat loss in very low birth weight infants in incubators
Higher versus lower humidity for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants in incubators (protocol stage)
Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birth weight infants
Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants
Pre-discharge "car seat challenge" for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Radiant warmers versus incubators for regulating body temperature in newborn infants
Servo-control for maintaining abdominal skin temperature at 36C in low birth weight infants
Sound reduction management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants
Supine versus non-supine sleep position for preventing short-term morbidity and mortality in hospitalised spontaneously breathing preterm infants (protocol stage)
Transfer of preterm infants from incubator to open cot at lower versus higher body weight
Psychosocial Interventions (4)
Bed sharing versus no bed sharing for healthy term neonates (protocol stage)
Co-bedding in neonatal nursery for promoting growth and neurodevelopment in stable preterm twins
Community-based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low- and middle-income countries
Telemedicine for the support of parents of high-risk newborn infants
Respiratory Disorders (152)
Apnea (15)
Body positioning for spontaneously breathing preterm infants with apnoea
Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Carnitine supplementation for preterm infants with recurrent apnoea
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for apnoea of prematurity (protocol stage)
Continuous positive airway pressure versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Doxapram treatment for apnea in preterm infants
Doxapram versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants
Kinesthetic stimulation for preventing apnea in preterm infants
Kinesthetic stimulation for treating apnea in preterm infants
Kinesthetic stimulation versus methylxanthine for apnea in preterm infants
Methylxanthine treatment for apnoea in preterm infants
Prophylactic caffeine to prevent postoperative apnoea following general anaesthesia in preterm infants
Prophylactic doxapram for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants undergoing endotracheal extubation
Prophylactic methylxanthine for prevention of apnoea in preterm infants
Prophylactic methylxanthines for endotracheal extubation in preterm infants
Assessment of Pulmonary Function (0)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (Chronic Lung Disease) (23)
Aerosolized diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (a1PI) for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Corticosteroids for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)
Cromolyn sodium for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Diuretics acting on the distal renal tubule for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Early (< 8 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm neonates
Erythromycin for the prevention of chronic lung disease in intubated preterm infants at risk for, or colonized or infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum
Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease
Increased energy intake for preterm infants with (or developing) bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease
Late (≥ 7 days) inhalation corticosteroids to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates
Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm infants
Intravenous or enteral loop diuretics for preterm infants with (or developing) chronic lung disease
Late (> 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Moderately early (7-14 days) postnatal corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Pentoxifylline for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Mesenchymal stem cells for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Superoxide dismutase for preventing chronic lung disease in mechanically ventilated preterm infants
Superoxide dismutase for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants (protocol stage)
Systemic corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a network meta-analysis (protocol stage)
Systemic corticosteroid regimens for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
ECMO (1)
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure in newborn infants
Inhaled NO (2)
Inhaled nitric oxide for respiratory failure in preterm infants
Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term
Mechanical Ventilation and Respiratory Support (51)
Volume-targeted versus pressure-limited ventilation in neonates
Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Chest physiotherapy for preventing morbidity in babies being extubated from mechanical ventilation
Chest physiotherapy for reducing respiratory morbidity in infants requiring ventilatory support
Clonidine for sedation and analgesia for neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Cuffed versus uncuffed endotracheal tubes for neonates (protocol stage)
Deep versus shallow suction of endotracheal tubes in ventilated neonates and young infants
Devices and pressure sources for administration of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm neonates
Diaphragm-triggered non-invasive respiratory support in preterm infants
Early nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm infants
Elective high frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Extubation from low-rate intermittent positive airway pressure versus extubation after a trial of endotracheal continuous positive airway pressure in intubated preterm infants
Flow-cycled versus time-cycled synchronized ventilation for neonates
Frequency of endotracheal suctioning for the prevention of respiratory morbidity in ventilated newborns
Heated and humidified inspired gas through heated humidifiers in comparison to non-heated and non-humidified gas in hospitalised neonates receiving respiratory support (protocol stage)
Heliox for prevention of morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants (protocol stage)
High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in term infants (protocol stage)
High frequency jet ventilation versus high frequency oscillatory ventilation for pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
High frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for infants with severe pulmonary dysfunction born at or near term
Intravenous dexamethasone for extubation of newborn infants
Long versus short inspiratory times in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Lung recruitment manoeuvres for reducing respiratory morbidity in mechanically ventilated neonates (protocol stage)
Mechanical ventilation for newborn infants with respiratory failure due to pulmonary disease
Methods for securing endotracheal tubes in newborn infants
High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in preterm infants
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) for term neonates with respiratory distress (protocol stage)
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure levels for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants (protocol stage)
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure immediately after extubation for preventing morbidity in preterm infants
Prophylactic nasal continuous positive airway pressure for preventing morbidity and mortality in very preterm infants
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for apnea of prematurity
Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for preterm neonates after extubation
Nasal versus oral intubation for mechanical ventilation of newborn infants
Nebulized racemic epinephrine for extubation of newborn infants
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist compared to other forms of triggered ventilation for neonatal respiratory support
Neuromuscular paralysis for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation
Non-invasive high-frequency ventilation in newborn infants with respiratory distress (protocol stage)
Overview of ventilation strategies for the early management of intubated preterm infants (protocol stage)
Permissive hypercapnia for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants
Positive end-expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome or bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Premedication for non-urgent endotracheal intubation for preventing pain in neonates (protocol stage)
Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Orotracheal intubation in infants performed with a stylet versus without a stylet
Rescue high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Rescue high-frequency jet ventilation versus conventional ventilation for severe pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants
Strategies for the discontinuation of humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) in preterm infants
Strategies for the withdrawal of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in preterm infants
Synchronized mechanical ventilation for respiratory support in newborn infants
Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation in newborn infants
Tracheal gas insufflation for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated newborn infants
Tracheal suctioning without disconnection in intubated ventilated neonates
Other Respiratory Disorders in Term and Preterm Infants (4)
Infant pacifiers for reduction in risk of sudden infant death syndrome
Octreotide for the treatment of chylothorax in neonates
Surfactant for pulmonary haemorrhage in neonates
Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn
Oxygen Administration (4)
Automated oxygen delivery for preterm infants with respiratory dysfunction (protocol stage)
Early versus late discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants
Gradual versus abrupt discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants
Restricted versus liberal oxygen exposure for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm or low birth weight infants
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Monitoring (2)
Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants
Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring for the prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality
Pneumonia (1)
Surfactant for bacterial pneumonia in late preterm and term infants
Respiratory Disorders in Term Infants (21)
Diaphragmatic Hernia (1)
Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (7)
Endotracheal intubation at birth for preventing morbidity and mortality in vigorous, meconium-stained infants born at term
Gastrografin for treatment of meconium obstruction in term and preterm infants (protocol stage)
Lung lavage for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants
Steroid therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants
Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in term and late preterm infants
Tracheal suction at birth in non-vigorous neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (protocol stage)
Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Pulmonary Hypertension (6)
Endothelin receptor antagonists for persistent pulmonary hypertension in term and late preterm infants
Hydralazine in infants with persistent hypoxemic respiratory failure
Magnesium sulfate for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Milrinone for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Prostanoids and their analogues for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in neonates
Sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension in neonates
Transient Tachypnea (7)
Diuretics for transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Fluid restriction in the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn (protocol stage)
Interventions for the management of transient tachypnoea of the newborn - an overview of systematic reviews (protocol stage)
Epinephrine for transient tachypnea of the newborn
Non-invasive respiratory support for the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn
Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn
Postnatal corticosteroids for transient tachypnoea of the newborn
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (28)
Other Interventions (8)
Antithrombin for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress in preterm infants
Digoxin for preventing or treating neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Diuretics for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Early versus delayed initiation of continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome
Intratracheal Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) administration in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Postnatal thyroid hormones for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Pulmonary Surfacant (20)
Animal derived surfactant extract versus protein free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Animal derived surfactant extract for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Comparison of animal-derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs. selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for respiratory distress syndrome
Early versus delayed selective surfactant treatment for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
High versus low thresholds for repeat administration of surfactant in intubated preterm neonates (protocol stage)
Intratracheal instillation of corticosteroids using surfactant as a vehicle for the prevention of chronic lung disease in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (protocol stage)
Laryngeal mask airway surfactant administration for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Multiple versus single doses of exogenous surfactant for the prevention or treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Nebulised surfactant in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Pharyngeal instillation of surfactant before the first breath for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Prophylactic animal derived surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Prophylactic protein free synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Prophylactic versus selective use of surfactant in preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Protein containing synthetic surfactant versus animal derived surfactant extract for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Protein-containing synthetic surfactant versus protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome
Protein-free synthetic surfactant for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates (protocol stage)
Surfactant therapy guided by tests for lung maturity in preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome (protocol stage)
Surfactant therapy via brief tracheal catheterization in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome (protocol stage)
Synthetic surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants